Emphases on displacement-based ground support design are increasing as more accurate and reliable ground deformation monitoring systems become available in mining operations (Lowther et al. 2022; Kaiser & Moss 2022). The key principle behind displacement-based design is to allow controlled deformation or displacement of the surrounding rock, ensuring that it remains within acceptable limits to prevent failure or collapse. This approach acknowledges that rock masses naturally deform and displace under stress and seeks to accommodate this movement while maintaining stability.